Eight command to improve our listening ability

In anthropology  , ” all data gathering in fieldwork boils down to two broad kinds of activity : watching and listening ” (Bernard ,1984).

Following commands help us improve our listening ability . I read theme in an essay offered a lot of information about how to improve business communication skill.

I know that the soul of communication in business and in  doing anthropological fieldwork are quit different , but in my mind  most of these commands are common for both , and many of these commands  are  helpful in doing anthropological fieldwork  as are in business communication .

1- Stop talking
2- Put the talker at ease
3- Show the talker that you want to listen
4- Remove detraction
5- Empathize with the talker
6- Be patient
7- Hold on temper
8- Stop talking

Since the essay that have offered these information dose not have particular author and in any part of the essay , name of authors are not clear  , I can not mention  who is the author of these commands but I try to find and whenever I find will mention .